Which layer of the atmosphere is the coldest, and why is it the coldest?
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Even though Mesosphere is in the middle of our atmosphere, it is the coldest.
It is the air molecules that absorb heat from the solar UV radiation in the atmosphere and the density of air in the mesosphere is less than the others.
That means, there are fewer air molecules that can absorb heat, and the absence of heat is cold.
Mesosphere, the top of the Mesosphere to be specific. The temperature there can decrease to as low as 100 K (-173°C). The air is thinner there so there are fewer air molecules to absorb heat from the Sun.